GANGLIOSIDES

   Gangliosides were significantly increased in patients with autism compared with age-matched controls and children with non-progressive neurological disorders (Lekman et al, 1995).

   GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b were increased.

   Recent investigations have revealed that hypothyroid conditions affect the biosynthesis and expression of gangliosides in specific tissue and cell types (Saito et al, 2000).

   Normal thyroid tissue contained GM3, GD3, and GD1a as the major gangliosides, with GM1, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b in lesser amounts.

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Lekman A, Skjeldal O, Sponheim E, Svennerholm L - "Gangliosides in children with autism" Acta Paediatr 84(7):787-90 (1995) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=7549298&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Saito M, Sugiyama K  - "Specific ganglioside changes in extraneural tissues of adult rats with hypothyroidism" Biochim Biophys Acta 1523(2-3):230-5 (2000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=11042389&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r