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Polyuria Polyuria is associated with hypopituitary function (Cianfarani et al, 1995; Ickenstein et al, 1999; Morioka et al, 1995) Hypopituitarism is found in autism (Hashimoto et al, 1991; Persani et al, 2000;Gingell et al, 1996; Realmuto et al, 1990;etc). This is due to low Free T3 levels in the pituitary. Occurrence of hypopituitarism in hypothyroidism has been documened, and found to be reversible with treatment (Fernandez-Real et al, 1998; Ikeda et al, 2000). Fluoride also causes polyuria (Usada et al, 1999;Wong et al, 1993) -> as does lithium - another most potent anti-thyroid. Lithium also causes elevated TSH levels (i.e. Jaffer et al, 1997) and blocks the TSH-mediated release of T4 and T3. (Synthroid insert). FYI, lithium has been considered as an additive to water because of its "anti-caries" activity! (i.e. Curzon , 1982; Gauba et al, 1993) Besides lithium and fluoride, another agent which induces high TSH levels is valproic acid. Prenatal exposure of rats to valproic acid has reproduced the **exact same cerebellar anomalies** associated with autism! (Ingram et al, 2000) Valproic acid administration results in low Free T3 levels (Elias et al, 1981). In children valproic acid administration causes sub-clinical A study done here at UBC by Wong et al (1993) with fluoride showed that polyuria, after cisplatin administration was "secondary in part or whole to a defect at the level of the G protein" (Wong et al, 1993). Also see: Valproic Acid, Hypopituitarism ============================== ======= Cianfarani S, Nicholl RM, Medbach S, Charlesworth MC, Savage MO - "Idiopathic hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction: review of five cases"Horm Res 39(1-2):47-50 (1993) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=8406339&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Curzon ME - "An experimental study of lithium and dental caries in the rat" Arch Oral Biol 27(7):573-6 (1982) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=6289786&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Eiris-Punal J, Del Rio-Garma M, Del Rio-Garma MC, Lojo-Rocamonde S, Novo-Rodriguez I, Castro-Gago M - "Long-term treatment of children with epilepsy with valproate or carbamazepine may cause subclinical hypothyroidism" Epilepsia 40(12):1761-6 (1999) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10612341&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Elias AN, Valenta LJ, Szekeres AV, Grossman M - "Effect of Fernandez-Real JM, Ricart W, Porcar C, Teruel J - "Reversible hypophyseal disfunction and hyperplasia in two cases of primary hypothyroidism" Rev Clin Esp 198(1):28-32 (1998) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=9534344&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Gauba K, Tewari A, Chawla HS - "Role of trace elements Se and Li in drinking water on dental caries experience" J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 11(1):15-9 (1993) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=8040693&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Gingell K, Parmar R, Sungum-Paliwal S - "Autism and multiple pituitary deficiency" Dev Med Child Neurol 38(6):545-9 (1996) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=8647334&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Hashimoto T, Aihara R, Tayama M, Miyazaki M, Shirakawa Y, Kuroda Y - "Reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in autistic boys" Dev Med Child Neurol 33:4 313-9 (1991) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=1904373&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Ickenstein GW, Klotz JM, Langohr HD - "Virus encephalitis with symptomatic Parkinson syndrome, diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism" Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 67(10):476-81 (1999) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10596369&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Ikeda K, Matsushita M, Ando S, Sekigawa I, Iida N, Hashimoto H - "A case of hypopituitarism and primary hypothyroidism associated with antiphospholipid syndrome" Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi 2000 Feb;23(1):37-42 (2000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10771571&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Ingram JL, Peckham SM, Tisdale B, Rodier PM - "Prenatal exposure of rats to valproic acid reproduces the cerebellar anomalies associated with autism" Neurotoxicol Teratol 22(3):319-24 (2000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10840175&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Jaffer A, Harvey B, Russell VA, Carstens ME, de Villiers AS, Taljaard JJ - "The stimulatory effect of chronic lithium treatment on basal thyrotropin secretion in rats: in vivo antagonism by methylparaben" Neurochem Res 18(10):1057-61 (1993) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=7504788&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Morioka M, Marubayashi T, Masumitsu T, Miura M, Ushio Y - "Basal encephaloceles with morning glory syndrome, and progressive hormonal and visual disturbances: case report and review of the literature" Brain Dev 17(3):196-201 (1995) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=7573760&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Persani L, Ferretti E, Borgato S, Faglia G, Beck-Peccoz P - "Circulating thyrotropin bioactivity in sporadic central hypothyroidism" J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85(10):3631-5 (2000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=11061514&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Realmuto GM, Jensen JB, Reeve E, Garfinkel BD - "Growth hormone response to L-dopa and clonidine in autistic children" J Autism Dev Disord 20(4):455-65 (1990) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=2279968&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Usuda K, Kono K, Dote T, Nishiura H, Tagawa T - "Usefulness of the assessment of urinary enzyme leakage in monitoring acute fluoride nephrotoxicity" Arch Toxicol 73(6):346-51 (1999) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10447562&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r Wong NL, Walker VR, Wong EF, Sutton RA - "Mechanism of polyuria after cisplatin therapy" Nephron 65(4):623-7 (1993) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=8302421&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r
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