GLUTAMATE

   In fourteen autistic children (all below 10 years of age) mean plasma glutamic and aspartic acid valued were elevated. All affected children had low levels of glutamine and asparagine as compared to normal values; eleven children had increased aspartic acid and eight children had high levels of glutamate. (Moreno-Fuenmayor et al, 1996)

   Adult-onset hypothyroidism produced impairments in the exchange of glutamate, glutamine, and GABA between the neuronal and glial compartments (Chapa et al, 1995). 

   In animals made hypothyroid surgically and chemically, the extent of glutamate release was significantly lower than that in the controls (Shuaib et al, 1994).

   Levels of glutamate dehydrogenase in the limbic system are regulated by thyroid hormones (Fernandez-Pastor et al, 1984).

   Glutamic acid was elevated in the inferior colliculus of hypothyroid rats (Hebert et al, 1987).

Also see: Glutamine;  GABA; Glutamate

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Chapa F, Kunnecke B, Calvo R, Escobar del Rey F, Morreale de Escobar G, Cerdan S - "Adult-onset hypothyroidism and the cerebral metabolism of (1,2-13C2) acetate as detected by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance." Endocrinology 136(1):296-305  (1995) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=7828544&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Moreno-Fuenmayor H, Borjas L, Arrieta A, Valera V, Socorro-Candanoza L - "Plasma excitatory amino acids in autism" Invest Clin 37(2):113-28 (1996) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=8718922&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Shuaib A, Ijaz S, Hemmings S, Galazka P, Ishaqzay R, Liu L, Ravindran J, Miyashita H - "Decreased glutamate release during hypothyroidism may contribute to protection in cerebral ischemia" Exp Neurol 128(2):260-5 (1994) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=7915676&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r