INTERLEUKIN-2

   The serum concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptor  is a marker of T-lymphocyte activation.

  The concentration of sIL-2  was significantly increased in the sera of autistic children over that in the control healthy children (Singh, 1991).

This is a sign of reduced reduced receptor/binding activity.

   A lower percentage of lymphocytes expressing bound interleukin-2 receptors following mitogenic stimulation was noted, and this was inversely related to the severity of autistic symptoms (Denney et al, 1996).

   Thyroid hormones are the main regulator of serum IL-2 receptor
concentration. Highly significant positive correlation between serum thyroid hormones and IL-2 receptors was found in all study groups (Mariotti et al, 1992).

   Circulating soluble IL-2 receptor levels are low in patients with
autoimmune hypothyroidism (Loviselli et al, 1994).

Gq/11: (Jacobsen, 1999)

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Denney DR, Frei BW, Gaffney GR. - "Lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 receptors in autistic children" J Autism Dev Disord 26(1):87-97 (1996) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&uid=8819772&Dopt=r

Jacobson JD, Ansari MA, Kinealy M, Muthukrishnan V - "Gender-specific exacerbation of murine lupus by gonadotropin-releasing hormone: potential role of G alpha(q/11)" Endocrinology 140(8):3429-37(1999) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10433197&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Loviselli A, Calia MA, Murenu S, Mossa P, Cambosu MA, Caradonna A - "Circulating soluble IL-2 receptor levels are low in patients with hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis" Horm Metab Res 26(11):548-51  (1994) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=7875652&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Mariotti S, Caturegli P, Barbesino G, Marino M, Del Prete GF, Chiovato L, Tonacchera M, De Carli M, Pinchera A - "Thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity independently modulate serum concentration of soluble interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor (sIL-2R) in thyroid diseases" Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 37(5):415-22 (1992)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=1486691&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Singh VK, Warren RP, Odell JD, Cole P - "Changes of soluble interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor, T8 antigen, and interleukin-1 in the serum of autistic children" Clin Immunol Immunopathol 61(3):448-55 (1991) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=1934632&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r