Gluten/Casein

Gluten/Casein

Gluten and casein both produce elevated opioid levels by causing low free T3.

a) Gluten

A high incidence of thyroid and pancreatic antibodies were found in a group fed gluten as compared to controls (Toscano et al, 2000).

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) induces marked IL 2 production by peripheral blood T cells, (Yachie et al, 1987) which is a T3 regulated event (also see:IL-2).

The T3-Ti complex appears to play a central role in the activation of T cells by antigens and mitogens. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is a unique lectin which inhibits T cell proliferation induced by mitogens, but it also induces marked IL 2 production by peripheral blood T cells (Yachie et al, 1987).

It activates human T lymphocytes by stimulation of phosphoinositide
hydrolysis (Clevers et al, 1986).

The CNS is enriched in phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) and in the G proteins linked to its activation (Novak et al, 2000).

Gq/11: 80 references

Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis & Gq/11 (24 references)

Phosphoinositide & Gq/11 (57 references)

b) opioids

    Autistic children show elevated plasma and CSF levels of opioid
peptides (Trottier review, 1999).

   Bhargava (1988) has published results from rat experiments indicating that brain, mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors are differentially altered in hypothyroidism. The binding of 3H-DAGO to membranes of amygdala, pons and medulla, striatum, midbrain and cortex was greater in hypothyroid rats.

   Hypothyroid patients show increased sensitivity to opiates while
hyperthyroid patients are tolerant to opiates (Clur, 1985).

c) casein -> glycoprotein

   It influences T3 levels, similar to soy protein (i.e. Jepson et al, 1988; Nakamura et al, 1983; Smallridge et al, 1982).

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Bhargava HN, Ramarao P, Gulati A - "Effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on multiple opioid receptors in rat brain regions" Pharmacology 37(6):356-64 (1988)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=2854273&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Clevers HC, de Bresser A, Kleinveld H, Gmelig-Meyling FH, Ballieux RE - "Wheat germ agglutinin activates human T lymphocytes by stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis" J Immunol 136(9):3180-3(1986) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=3007612&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Clur A - "Iodothyronines and iodotyrosines as hypothetical receptors for catecholamines and opiates"Med Hypotheses 16(2):97-131 (1985)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=2985942&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Jepson MM, Bates PC, Millward DJ - "The role of insulin and thyroid hormones in the regulation of muscle growth and protein turnover in response to dietary protein in the rat" Br J Nutr 59(3):397-415 (1988) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=3293661&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Nakamura H, Rue PA, DeGroot LJ - "Thyroid hormone increases type I adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and casein kinase activities in rat liver cytosol: analysis of protein kinases by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis" Endocrinology 112(4):1427-33 (1983) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=6299694&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Novak JE, Agranoff BW, Fisher SK - "Increased expression of Galpha(q/11) and of phospholipase-Cbeta1/4 in differentiated human NT2-N neurons: enhancement of phosphoinositide hydrolysis" J Neurochem 74(6):2322-30 (2000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10820192&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Smallridge RC, Glass AR, Wartofsky L, Latham KR, Burman KD - "Investigations into the etiology of elevated serum T3 levels in protein-malnourished rats" Metabolism 31(6):538-42 (1982) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=6281617&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Toscano V, Conti FG, Anastasi E, Mariani P, Tiberti C, Poggi M, Montuori M, Monti S, Laureti S, Cipolletta E, Gemme G, Caiola S, Di Mario U, Bonamico M - "Importance of gluten in the induction of endocrine autoantibodies and organ dysfunction in adolescent celiac patients" Am J Gastroenterol 95(7):1742-8 (2000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=10925978&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Trottier G, Srivastava L Walker CD, - "Etiology of infantile autism: a review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research" J Psychiatry Neurosci 24(2):103-115 (1999)] FULL TEXT: http://www.cma.ca/jpn/vol-24/issue-2/0103.htm

Yachie A, Hernandez D, Blaese RM - "T3-T cell receptor (Ti) complex-independent activation of T cells by wheat germ agglutinin" J Immunol 138(9):2843-7 (1987) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=2952724&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r