GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN

  Glial fibrillary acid (GFA) in autism and autistic-like conditions was at
a level almost three times that in the normal grou, "implicating gliosis
and unspecific brain damage in autism" (Alsen et al, 1993).

   T3 induces cerebellar astrocyte proliferation. This effect is accompanied by alteration in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Thyroid hormone regulates protein expression in C6 glioma cells. Recently, the C6 glioma cell line - which expresses GFAP- has been found to be a target for T3 action (Trentin, 1998).

Period of, Sensitivity:Mid-Gestation (Martinez-Galan et al, 1997)

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Ahlsen G, Rosengren L, Belfrage M, Palm A, Haglid K, Hamberger A, Gillberg C - "Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders" Biol Psychiatry 33(10):734-43  (1993) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=8353169&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Martinez-Galan JR, Pedraza P, Santacana M, Escobar del Ray F, Morreale de Escobar G, Ruiz-Marcos A - "Early effects of iodine deficiency on radial glial cells of the hippocampus of the rat fetus. A model of neurological cretinism" J Clin Invest 99(11):2701-9 (1997) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=9169500&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r

Trentin AG, Alvarez-Silva M - "Thyroid hormone regulates protein expression in C6 glioma cells" Braz J Med Biol Res 31(10):1281-4 (1998) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=9876299&form=6&db=m&Dopt=r